Research Study: Dried Urine and Saliva for Assessing Cortisol and Cortisol Metabolites

Summary

  • Dried urine is an alternative to liquid urine for measuring cortisol and its metabolites.
  • 4-spot urine sampling is representative of a 24-hour urine collection.
  • 4-spot urinary cortisol measures reflect the diurnal pattern of change in cortisol.
  • Comprehensive profiling of cortisol is viable using both saliva plus dried urine samples.


Abstract

Background:


The primary aim of this study was to determine the utility of dried urine sampling in obtaining measures of cortisol and cortisol metabolites. Additional aims were to evaluate if a 4-spot dried urine collection is representative of a 24-hour urine collection and if expected diurnal cortisol patterns can be observed in samples from both urine and saliva.

Methods:


Data from individuals with cortisol measures available from both a 4-spot dried urine collection and a 24-hour urine collection (n = 28) were evaluated. Of these 28, 20 also had concurrent liquid and dried 24-hour urine measures. Consistency between these methods was evaluated using paired t-tests and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). In addition, data from individuals with concurrent measures of both urinary and salivary cortisol (n = 68) were assessed for consistency in the diurnal pattern of change in cortisol.


Results:


Near ideal consistency was observed between liquid and dried urine for measures of total urine free cortisol, total urine cortisone, and total cortisol metabolites (n = 20; ICCs = 0.99, 0.97 and 0.96, respectively). Good to excellent consistency was observed between the 4-spot method and the 24-hour collection (n = 28; ICCs = 0.89, 0.95 and 0.92, respectively). In mixed model analysis, no difference was seen in the diurnal pattern of cortisol between salivary and urinary free cortisol (n = 68; P = 0.83).


Conclusions:


Dried urine is a viable alternative to liquid urine for the measurement of cortisol and cortisol metabolites. Additionally, if the 4 measures are added together, 4-spot urine collections can be representative of diurnal cortisol patterns commonly assessed using saliva and 24-hour urine collections.

For more information on Dried Urine and Saliva testing, click here.

Newman, M., Curran, D. A., & Mayfield, B. P. (2020). Dried urine and salivary profiling for complete assessment of cortisol and cortisol metabolites. Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology, 22, 100243.

S QLD / N NSW Area Manager

Jessica Morland

Jess is a qualified Nutritionist with a Bachelor of Health Science in Nutritional Medicine. She believes that there is no one size fits all approach and is passionate about educating, inspiring and supporting clients and practitioners with a customised approach to healthcare. Specialties include preconception, pregnancy, post-natal and infant care. 

Jess is excited to build relationships, educate and share her knowledge with both retail and practitioners in South Queensland and Northern NSW.

Lauren Matich, BHSc (Nat.)

Lauren Matich

BHSc (Nat.)

Lauren is an NHAA accredited Clinical Naturopath with a Bachelor of Health Science. She is incredibly passionate about natural health and educating clients on the foundational importance of nutrition, lifestyle and stress management and believes complimenting these building blocks with nutraceutical support and functional testing often holds the key to optimal health and vitality. Lauren looks forward to supporting practitioners and clients in these key areas.

Specialties include supporting thyroid health, digestive disorders and mental health.